Diabetic foot ulcer

ABSTRACT

The clinical significance of diabetes is increasing with a growing aged population and changes in lifestyle. Among all complications of diabetes mellitus, diabetic ulcers are the most severe and expensive. The lifetime incidence of diabetic foot ulceration is as high as 25%. Ulcers frequently become infected and are associated with the risk of limb amputation and increased mortality and healthcare costs. A specialized multidisciplinary team approach is needed to care for patients with ulceration. Comorbidities such as poor limb circulation and the loss of protective sensation due to diabetic vasculopathy and neuropathy should be treated concurrently to promote wound healing. In cases of ischemia, transluminal angioplasty or bypass surgery may enhance circulation, allowing ulcer healing or reconstructive surgery. With an integrated team approach, the major focus of ulcer treatment has changed from amputation to limb salvage. Appropriate follow-up, including the minimization of risk factors and education on foot care in daily living, is essential to prevent re-ulceration.