Respiratory virus infection and risk factors in children with bronchial asthma / 公共卫生与预防医学

ABSTRACT

Objective To understand the etiological characteristics and risk factors of respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma, and to provide theoretical basis for the prevention and treatment of respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma. Methods A total of 374 children with bronchial asthma who were treated in Jianyang People's Hospital from December 2018 to December 2020 were enrolled. Pharyngeal swabs were collected from the outpatient children on the day of treatment, and 2 mL of nasopharyngeal secretions were collected from the hospitalized children within 24 hours by negative pressure aspirator. Seven viral antigens including RSV, ADV, IVA, IVB, PIVI, PIV II, and PIV III were detected. According to whether the virus test results were positive or not, they were divided into the experimental group (n=191) and the control group (n=183). Logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma. Results Among the 374 samples, the virus positive rate was 51.07% (191/374), and the top 3 virus species in the positive samples were RSV, ADV, and PIV III, accounting for 41.36% (79/191), 30.36% (58/191), and 9.42% (18/191), respectively. In addition, IVA accounted for 5.24% (10/191), PIV II accounted for 5.24% (10/191), PIVI accounted for 3.66% (7/191), and IVB accounted for 1.57% (3 /191). The positive rates of virus were 47.96% (94/196) and 54.49% (97/178) in male and female children, respectively, with no significant difference (χ2=1.597，P>0.05). The positive rate of 1~3 years old children was significantly higher than that of >3 years old group (χ2=6.412，P3 times, intravenous glucocorticoid application and onset season were independent risk factors for respiratory virus infection in children with bronchial asthma (P<0.05). Conclusion The infection season of acute respiratory tract infection in children with asthma is mainly concentrated in autumn and winter, with RSV as the main viral pathogen. Targeted preventive measures should be given to children with bronchial asthma who have more than 3 asthma attacks and intravenous glucocorticoid application, which can reduce respiratory virus infection in children with asthma.