The study review of chemical composition of the origin bragshun of or / Монголын эм зүй, эм судлал

ABSTRACT

Introduction@#Bragshun has been used in Traditional Mongolian Medicine since the early times. It is called the Black Gold in Mongolia as well as other countries of the world. The bragshun has been the essential and unique raw materials in the treatment of Traditional Medicine which is gradually formed under the impact of the various extreme natural conditions such as sharp continental climate, strong winds, sun shine, hot and cold temperatures. The formation process takes hundreds of years, so bragshun is considered non-renewable natural resources.@*Goals@#The purpose of the study is to sum up the ideas of research articles and books about distribution, origin and chemical compounds of bragshun, also it's usage in the traditional and modern medicine.@*Study materials@#The books about bragshun and research articles for its chemical compounds were studied and compared in this study.@*Result@#Bragshun is commonly appeared all over the world, so it has in different names in different countries. Bragshun is named "mountain tar" by the Mongolians, its English name is "mineral pitch", Tibetians call it brag-shun, in the Latin is Asphaltum punjiabianut, and also has other names like tasmanyi, mumlai, Shilajit, moomiy. In the Mongolian traditional medicinal books we can see the <i>Trogopterus xanthipes Milne-Edwards</i> and it is noted as a red foot mouse dried noodles. Many assumptions have been made regarding geological, biological and botanical origin of the bragshuns. The study result that the chemical compounds of bragshun is mixture of minerals and organic substances in which the content of the minerals is 20-40% or more, trace elements up to 5% and organic substances 60-80%. The ion organic part of the bragshun contains minerals 30%of the total mass, in which tree elements potassium, calcium, and magnesium take 20% of the total minerals being a main treatment factor of the bragshun. The refined bragshun includes high content of potassium and does not have side effect for the human body. Organic compounds in bragshun are still understudied, however, it is determined that it contains more than 20 biologically active substances called humic substances. The humic acid consists of humic acid and fulvic acid. The combination of these acids has strong antioxidant activites to reduce free radicals. The color of bragshun depends on the amount and ratio of fulvic acid and humic acid. Humic acid transfer the badly soluble salt to soluble form and gives it to the plant to accelerate its growth and also influences oxidative reactions in the cells. In Mongolian traditional medicine the boiled down extract of bragshun is used for the treatment of liver, stomach, kidney, eye disease and toxicity diseases. Bragshun is included in the prescription recipe in traditional medicine, such as Bragshun-5, brag of bragshun is used for the treatment of liver, stomach, kidney, eye disease and toxicity diseases. Bragshun is included in the prescription recipe in traditional medicine, such as Bragshun-5, bragshun-9, Stomach-7, kidney-7, ar-ur-18, liver chin tan.@*Conclusion@#Since the organic part of the bragshun has so complex structure and the research has not been completed fully, we have still not been able to get preparation treatment for drug form yet. However, antioxidant activites of bragshun are determined by the studies, nowadays refined bragshun is used widely as biological food supplement. In the traditional medicine it is commonly used for the treatment of liver and kidney diseases.