Correlación entre el índice tobillo brazo y la circunferencia abdominal en pacientes de la consulta de medicina interna / Correlation of ankle-brachial-index and waist circumference in ambulatory patients of internal medicine

RESUMEN

La enfermedad arterial periférica (EAP) es usualmente subdiagnosticada. El índice tobillobrazo (ITB) es un método diagnostico sencillo y no invasivo que permite hacer detección temprana de EAP y de aquellos pacientes con alto riesgo de desarrollar ECV. Objetivo: determinar la relación entre ITB y obesidad visceral mediante la medición de la circunferencia abdominal (CA) en pacientes que acudieron a la consulta externa de Medicina Interna. Otras mediciones índice de masa corporal (IMC), relación cintura cadera (RCC). Se registró la presencia de hipertensión arterial (HTA), dislipidemia, sedentarismo y tabaquismo. Métodos: Investigación de carácter exploratorio. Muestra no probabilística, intencional de 34 pacientes que acudieron a la consulta de Medicina Interna en tres meses. Se aplicó una encuesta y se realizaron mediciones de los índices antropométricos CA, RCC, IMC, se calculó el ITB y se determinaron glicemia, colesterol total, HDL, LDL y triglicéridos (TGC). Resultados: El promedio de edad fue 56,14 años ± 11.46. 52,9% mujeres y 47,1% hombres. El 70% tenían IMC elevado, 64,7% dislipidemia, 52,9% HTA, 38.23% sedentarismo y 17,6% fumaban. 5 pacientes masculinos tuvieron un ITB alterado ITB bajo 2; ITB elevado 3. La correlación entre ITB y CA; ITB y RCC e ITB y glicemia, TGC y el LDL fue negativa débil. La correlación entre ITB e IMC, colesterol total y HDL fue positiva. Conclusiones: Una CA y RCC alteradas como marcadores de obesidad visceral se asocian con un ITB bajo(AU)

ABSTRACT

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is associated to high cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Risk factors related to this pathology do not differ from other cardiovascular diseases (CVD). This disease manifests clinically in advanced stages of the atherothrombotic process, therefore, it is usually underdiagnosed. The ankle-brachial index (ABI) is a simple, inexpensive and non-invasive diagnostic method that allows an early detection of PAD, and, because it is considered atherosclerotic predictor, it helps us detect those patients who have a high risk of developing CVD. Hence, it should be a routine method in clinical practices. Objectives: This study was performed in order to determine the relationship between ABI and visceral obesity by means of waist circumference (WC) measurement and hip to waist ratio (HWR) in patients who attended the internal medicine outpatient clinic. Methods: Exploratory research. Non-probabilistic, intentional sample of 34 patients who attended the Internal Medicine outpatient clinic in three months. A survey was applied and measurements were made of the anthropometric indexes CA, RCC, BMI, ITB was calculated and glycemia, total cholesterol, HDL, LDL and triglycerides were determined. Results: The average age was 56.14 years ± 11.46. 52.9% women and 47.1% men. 70% had high BMI, 64.7% dyslipidemia, 52.9% HBP, 38.23% sedentary lifestyle and 17.6% smoked. 5 male patients had an altered ABI low ABI 2; High ITB 3. The correlation between ITB and CA; ITB and RCC and ITB and glycemia, TGC and LDL were weak negative. The correlation between ITB and BMI, total cholesterol and HDL was positive. Conclusions: A CA and RCC altered as markers of visceral obesity are associated with a low ABI(AU)