Fatores relacionados à sarcopenia e à capacidade funcional em idosos institucionalizados / Factors related to sarcopenia and functional capacity in institutionalized elderly

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo analisar fatores relacionados à sarcopenia e à capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados. Métodos estudo descritivo, correlacional, transversal, com 92 idosos, em quatro instituições de longa permanência. Para coleta de dados, aplicou-se formulário socioeconômico e clínico, Miniexame do Estado Mental, Índice de Barthel e Timed Up and Go test. Na análise, adotaram-se os testes qui-quadrado e exato de Fisher. Resultados identificou-se que 68 (73,9%) possuíam provável sarcopenia, 7(7,6%) sarcopenia e 11 (12,0%) sarcopenia severa. Os fatores associados à sarcopenia foram escolaridade (p=0,017), risco de quedas (p=0,000) e doença renal crônica (p=0,040). Quanto à capacidade funcional, 49(53,3%) possuíam dependência leve, 40(43,5%) moderada e 3(3,3%) grave. Os fatores associados à capacidade funcional foram risco de quedas (p=0,010), polifarmácia (p=0,017) e escolaridade (p=0,019). Conclusão verificou-se que a escolaridade, a polifarmácia, a doença renal crônica, o risco de quedas, as quedas e a sarcopenia podem influenciar a capacidade funcional de idosos institucionalizados.

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze factors related to sarcopenia and functional capacity of institutionalized elderly. Methods descriptive, correlational, cross-sectional study, with 92 elderly people, in four long-term institutions. For data collection, a socioeconomic and clinical form, Mini Mental State Examination, Barthel Index and Timed Up and Go test were applied. In the analysis, the chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were adopted. Results it was identified that 68 (73.9%) had probable sarcopenia, 7 (7.6%) sarcopenia and 11 (12.0%) severe sarcopenia. The factors associated with sarcopenia were education (p=0.017), risk of falls (p=0.000) and chronic kidney disease (p=0.040). As for functional capacity, 49 (53.3%) had mild dependence, 40 (43.5%) moderate and 3 (3.3%) severe. The factors associated with functional capacity were risk of falls (p=0.010), polypharmacy (p=0.017) and education (p=0.019). Conclusion it was found that education, polypharmacy, chronic kidney disease, risk of falls, falls and sarcopenia can influence the functional capacity of institutionalized elderly.