Foot Ulceration in Nigerian Diabetic Patients: a Study of Risk Factors

RESUMO

Diabetic foot ulceration is an important cause of morbidity and mortality in Nigerian diabetic patients. Identification of the risk factors for ulceration is; therefore; of paramount significance. This study aimed to determine these risk factors. Forty-seven (47) diabetic patients with past or present foot ulceration were studied together with an equal number of controls which were diabetic subjects with no past/present history of ulceration. Risk factors strongly associated with foot ulceration included peripheral vascular disease; male sex; nephropathy; retinopathy; foot deformities; history of previous foot ulceration or amputation; cataract formation; poor glycaemic control; neuropathy; and tinea pedis. Weakly associated risk factors were walking unshod; being of low socio-educational status; and smoking. We concluded that many risk factors for foot ulceration are potentially preventable. As part of a comprehensive footcare programme; education on footcare should be directed at patients; family members; and healthcare providers