Hypoglycaemia in Children Aged 1 Month to 10 Years Admitted to the Children's Emergency Centre of Lagos University Teaching Hospital; Nigeria

ABSTRACT

Background. Hypoglycaemia occurs in many disease states common in the tropics; and may also complicate treatment of malaria. It may contribute significantly to morbidity and mortality. Objectives. To determine the prevalence of and clinical conditions associated with hypoglycaemia. Methods. A total of 430 patients aged 1 month to 10 years were recruited consecutively from the Children's Emergency Centre of Lagos University Teaching Hospital. Clinical and demographic data were entered into a predesigned study proforma. Blood glucose was determined in the laboratory using the glucose oxidase method. Hypoglycaemia was defined as plasma glucose 2.5 mmol/L. Results. The median age of the study subjects was 24 months; with a range of 1.5 - 120 months. A total of 248 patients (57.6) were 24 months old. The mean (standard deviation) blood glucose of all the study subjects was 5.19 (2.05) mmol/L (median 4.9 mmol/L). Twenty-four patients (5.6) were hypoglycaemic. The predominant disease conditions in which hypoglycaemia occurred were severe malaria; multisystemic infections; marasmus; malignancies and gastroenteritis. Mortality was higher in hypoglycaemic patients than in those without hypoglycaemia (33.3 v. 5.4; p0.01). Conclusion. Hypoglycaemia complicates many common childhood illnesses seen in the emergency room and is associated with significant mortality. Hypoglycaemia should be suspected in severely ill children with severe malaria; multisystemic infections; marasmus; malignancies and gastroenteritis