Angelica sylvestris and Delphinium staphisagria Extracts Induces Antiproliferation through Caspase-mediated Apoptosis on Human Cancer Cells

ABSTRACT

Abstract Angelica sylvestris and Delphinium staphisagria are medicinal and aromatic herbs with a long history in medicine and food industry. In this study, we have investigated anti-cancer activity of Angelica sylvestris and Delphinium staphisagria extracts on various cell lines of lung (A549), breast (MCF-7), colon (HT-29), and cervix (HeLa) origin. Also, cytotoxicity was tested on human healthy bronchial epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells. In vitro experiments showed that plant extracts suppressed cell growth and proliferation at low concentrations by reducing cell viability on cancer cells in a time and concentration-dependent manner. It was observed that Angelica sylvestris was more effective in HT-29 and HeLa cells and Delphinium staphisagria in A549 and MCF-7 cells by suppressing cell proliferation and increasing cell death. Cell death mode (apoptosis/necrosis) was investigated via fluorescent imaging, caspase-cleaved cytokeratin 18, activated caspase-3, and cleaved-PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase). In order to evaluate the cell death mode by plant extracts apoptotic markers were investigated by fluorescence staining. Delphinium staphisagria extract (50-200 µg/mL) caused a decrease in cell density in A549 and MCF-7 cells compared to untreated controls. A similar situation was observed in HT-29 and HeLa cell lines when treated with ASE. As a result, Delphinium staphisagria extracts induced apoptosis in A549 and MCF-7, while Angelica sylvestris extracts induced apoptosis in HT-29 and HeLa cancer cells.