Epidemiología y factores asociados en personas con discapacidad de origen vial en Medellín 2004-2017 / Epidemiology and associated factors in people with disabilities of road origin in Medellín 2004-2017

RESUMEN

Resumen Objetivo: Caracterizar la epidemiología de la discapacidad de origen vial e identificar factores asociados a la dependencia funcional, participación en actos familiares, educativos y laborales en Medellín, Colombia 2004-2017. Métodos: Estudio longitudinal, con fuente de información secundaria, colectada con encuesta voluntaria y aplicada durante valoración clínica. Se analizó el total de registros de personas con discapacidad de origen vial y se desarrollaron cuatro modelos de regresión logística para identificar factores asociados con dependencia funcional, participación familiar, académica y laboral, con un error p = 0,05. Resultados: Entre 2004-2017, Medellín tenía registradas 63 848 personas con discapacidad. La causa que más la generó fue la enfermedad general con 21 444 (33,3%) registros. Los incidentes viales ocuparon el primer lugar entre eventos externos con 3092 (39,3%) casos 2181 hombres (70,5%) y 911 mujeres (29,5%). Tener dos o más dificultades permanentes incrementó el riesgo de dependencia funcional (OR = 2,15; IC95% 1,75-2,65). La no participación en actos familiares era reducida en personas con nivel académico superior (OR = 0,71; IC95% 0,53-0,96). No participación en educación aumentó al no recibir ingresos (OR = 1,71; IC95% 1,40-2,09). No participación laboral incrementó por barreras personales (OR = 1,61; IC95% 1,10-2,34). Conclusión: La discapacidad de origen vial empuja familias en Medellín a mayor pobreza económica. La reintegración y participación en actos familiares y comunitarios de víctimas viales se restringe por factores físicos, ambientales y actitudinales.

ABSTRACT

Abstract Objective: To characterize the epidemiology of disability of road origin and to identify factors associated with functional dependence, participation in family, educational, and labor events in Medellin, Colombia 2004-2017. Methods: Longitudinal study, with a secondary information source for analysis of related factors. The information was collected via a voluntary survey, applied during clinical assessment to identify physical and psychological deficiencies and participation restrictions. The total records of people with disabilities of road origin were analyzed and four logistic regression models were developed to identify factors associated with functional dependence, family, academic and work participation, with an error P = 0.05. Results: Between 2004-2017 Medellin had registered 63,848 people with disabilities. The cause that most generated it was general disease with 21,444 (33.3%) records; road incidents ranked first among incidents with 3,092 (39.3%) cases. Men with disabilities of road origin were 2,181 (70.5%) and women 911 (29.5%). Having two or more permanent difficulties increased the risk of functional dependence (OR = 2.15; CI 95% 1.75-2.65). Non-participation in family events was reduced in people with a higher academic level (OR = 0.71; CI 95% 0.53-0.96). Non-participation in education increased due to not receiving economic income (OR = 1.71; CI95% 1.40-2.09). Non-participation in work increased due to personal barriers (OR=1.61, CI95% 1.10-2.34). Conclusion: Road origin disability pushes families in Medellin towards greater economic poverty. The reintegration and participation in family and community events of road victims is restricted by physical, environmental, and attitudinal.