Características epidemiológicas de pacientes con enfermedad oclusiva venosa retiniana en el Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá Colombia / Epidemiological characteristics of patients with retinal vein occlusive disease at the Hospital Universitario San Ignacio, Bogotá Colombia

RESUMEN

Método: la población objetivo fueron los pacientes que asistieron por urgencias al hospital entre enero/2014 y diciembre/2018 y recibieron diagnóstico de oclusión venosa de la retina. Se realizó un registro y tabulación de los aspectos más relevantes Resultados: Se incluyeron 63 pacientes, con edad media de 57 años. Los antecedentes más frecuentemente referidos fueron hipertensión arterial (51%), dislipidemia y diabetes mellitus. 4.8% reportaron antecedente de glaucoma. 60.3% ocurrieron en el ojo derecho y el tipo más frecuente fué oclusión de vena central de la retina (65,1%). Los hallazgos encontrados al examen oft almológico fueron dilatación y tortuosidad venosa (100%), hemorragias retinianas (98.4%) y edema macular (61,9%). El 39.7% presentó agudeza visual cuenta dedos Conclusión: La población estudiada se comportó análogamente a lo descrito en la literatura, con distribución similar por género, aumento de la incidencia con la edad e hipertensión arterial como factor de riesgo más relevante. El edema macular se asocia con pérdida más signifi cativa de la agudeza visual. Es importante realizar un estudio más amplio para caracterizar la patología a nivel nacional

ABSTRACT

Background: Venous occlusive disease of the retina is the second most frequently associated retinal vascular disease with visual loss. Th e increase in the prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases is associated with an increase in the presentation of complications derived from these Objective: Characterize the population of patients with retinal occlusive venous disease of the San Ignacio University Hospital Study design: A retrospective cross-sectional observational study Method: the target population were patients who attended the hospital for emergencies between January/2014 and December/2018, and received a diagnosis of retinal vein occlusion. A registry and tabulation of the most relevant aspects were carried out Results: 63 patients were included, with a mean age of 57 years. Th e most frequently reported antecedents were hypertension (51%), dyslipidemia, and diabetes mellitus. 4.8% reported a history of glaucoma. 60.3% occurred in the right eye and the most frequent type was central retinal vein occlusion (65.1%). Th e fi ndings found on ophthalmological examination were venous dilation and tortuosity (100%), retinal hemorrhages (98.4%), and macular edema (61.9%). 39.7% presented visual acuity with fi nger counts Conclusion: Th e study population behaved similarly to that described in the literature, with a similar distribution by sex, increased incidence with age, and hypertension as the most relevant risk factor. Macular edema is associated with a more signifi cant loss of visual acuity. It is important to carry out a larger study to characterize the pathology at a national level