Factors associated with regular consumption of obesogenic foods: National School-Based Student Health Hurvey, 2012 / Fatores associados ao consumo regular de alimentos obesogênicos: Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, 2012

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: To investigate the frequency of consumption of obesogenic foods among adolescents and its association with sociodemographic, family, behavioral, and environmental variables. Methods: Secondary data from the National School-Based Student Health Hurvey were analyzed from a representative sample of 9th grade Brazilian students (high school). A self-administered questionnaire, organized into thematic blocks, was used. The dependent variables were the consumption of deep fried snacks, packaged snacks, sugar candies, and soft drinks; consumption frequency for the seven days preceding the study was analyzed. Bivariate analysis was carried out to determine the empirical relationship between the regular consumption of these foods (≥3 days/week) with sociodemographic, family, behavioral, and school structural variables. p-value <0.20 was used as the criterion for initial inclusion in the multivariate logistic analysis, which was conducted using the "Enter" method, and the results were expressed as adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval and p<0.05 indicating a statistically significance. Results: Regular food consumption ranged from 27.17% to 65.96%. The variables female gender, mobile phone ownership, Internet access at home, tobacco use, alcohol consumption, regular physical activity, eating while watching television or studying, watching television for at least 2 hours a day, and not willing to lose weight were associated in the final logistic models of all foods analyzed. Conclusion: It was concluded that fried snacks, packaged snacks, sugar candies, and soft drinks are regularly consumed by adolescents and that such consumption was associated with the sociodemographic, family, behavioral, and school structural variables.

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar a frequência de consumo de alimentos obesogênicos entre adolescentes e sua associação com variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares, comportamentais e ambientais. Métodos: Estudou-se dados secundários da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde do Escolar, sendo a amostra representativa de alunos do 9º ano do ensino fundamental de escolas brasileiras. Utilizou-se questionário autoaplicável organizado em blocos temáticos. Foram consideradas variáveis dependentes o consumo de salgados fritos, salgadinhos de pacote, guloseimas e refrigerantes, cuja frequência se referiu aos sete dias anteriores à pesquisa. Para associação do consumo regular dos alimentos (≥3 dias/semana) às variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares, comportamentais e estruturais da escola, foi utilizada análise bivariada, adotando-se o critério de valor de p<0,20 para inclusão inicial na análise de regressão logística multivariada, a qual foi realizada pelo método "enter". Os resultados foram expressos por Odds Ratio ajustados com respectivos intervalos de confiança de 95%, considerando associação estatisticamente significativa o valor de p<0,05. Resultados: O consumo regular dos alimentos variou de 27,17% a 65,96%. Sexo feminino, posse de telefone celular, acesso à Internet no domicílio, tabagismo, consumo de álcool, prática regular de atividade física, hábito de comer assistindo televisão ou estudando, assistir televisão no mínimo duas horas/dia e ausência de atitude visando perda de peso foram as variáveis que se associaram nos modelos logísticos finais de todos os alimentos. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o consumo de salgados fritos, salgadinhos de pacote, guloseimas e refrigerantes é regular na dieta dos adolescentes, estando seu consumo associado a variáveis sociodemográficas, familiares, comportamentais e de estrutura escolar.