Trastornos mentales en estudiantes de medicina humana en tres universidades de Lambayeque, Perú / Mental disorders in medical students of three universities in Lambayeque, Perú

RESUMEN

Los trastornos de salud mental son un problema muy frecuente en la poblaci¢n actual, sobre todo en alumnos de educaci¢n superior que, de acuerdo a algunos estudios, pueden mostrar mayor predisposici¢n a problemasemocionales y psicosociales. Objetivos: Describir los trastornos mentales m s frecuentes en estudiantes demedicina de tres universidades de Lambayeque, durante el a¤o 2012. Material y m‚todos Estudio descriptivotransversal. La poblaci¢n fue de 998 alumnos distribuidos seg£n a¤o de estudio acad‚mico, elegidos mediantemuestreo consecutivo. Se utiliz¢ el Test Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) como tamizaje. Serealiz¢ un an lisis descriptivo y un an lisis bivariado exploratorio determinando razones de prevalencia con un IC 95%, usando chi2 y el test de Fisher. Se us¢ el Software STATA versi¢n 11. Resultados: Se entrevist¢ un total de 284 alumnos, la media de edad fue de 21,05 ñ 3,8 a¤os, 57,4% fueron mujeres, 98,2% solteros, 61% cursaban ciencias b sicas, 6,7% ten¡an diagnóstico previo de depresi¢n y 7,4% ten¡an diagn¢stico previo de ansiedad; 140 estudiantes (49,07%) reportaron por lo menos un trastorno mental (TM). Los trastornos mentales con mayor prevalencia fueron episodio hipomaniaco (19,7%) y episodio depresivo (17,3%). En el an lisis bivariado se encontraron asociacionesentre alguna forma de trastorno mental y edad, estudiar en una universidad privada y cursar estudios de cienciasb sicas. Conclusiones: En estudiantes de medicina de Lambayeque se han encontrado prevalencias frecuentes deepisodios hipomaniaco y depresivo mayor, y de riesgo suicida. Deben conducirse mayores y m s profundos estudios de corte ep¡demiológico en este tipo de población.

ABSTRACT

Mental health disorders are a fairly frequent problem in several segments of today’s population, particularly amonghigher education students who, according to some inquiries, seem to be more prone to emotional and psychosocial problems. Objectives: To describe the most frequent mental disorders in medical students from three universities from Lambayeque, Per£, during the year 2012. Material and methods: Cross sectional study. The population under scrutiny included 998 students distributed by year of academic classes and chosen by consecutive sampling. The Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) for screening of mental disorders was used. A descriptive analysis and an exploratory bivariate analysis with 95 % confidence intervals using chi2 and Fisher’s tests, were performed. Software STATA version 11 was used. Results: A total of 284 students were interviewed, the average age was 21.05 ñ 3.8 years, 57.4 % were women, 98.2 % single, 61 % were enrolled in basic sciences, 6.7% had a prior diagnosis of depression, and 7.4 % h of anxiety; 140 students (49.07 %) reported at least one mental disorder. The most prevalent disorders were hypomanic episode (19.7%), and major depressive episode (17.3%). In the bivariate analysis, the presence of a mental disorder was associated with age, studyingin a private university, and being a basic science student. Conclusions: Mental disorders among medical students from Lambayeque seem to be highly prevalent, the more frequent ones being hypomanic and major depressive episodes, and suicidal risk. Morecomprehensive, extended and deeper studies of this nature are needed in this specific population.