Perfil metabólico y factores asociados en pacientes con esquizofrenia bajo tratamiento con antipsicóticos que acuden a consulta externa en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental (Perú) / Metabolic profile and associated factors among patients with schizophrenia under antipsychotic treatment attending an outpatient service at the National Institute of Mental Health (Perú)

RESUMEN

Objetivo: Describir el perfil metabólico y factores asociados en pacientes con esquizofrenia bajo tratamiento conantipsicóticos que acudieron a consulta externa en el Instituto Nacional de Salud Mental “Honorio Delgado–HideyoNoguchi” durante un periodo de tres meses. Material y m‚todos Estudio transversal, realizado entre mayo y julio del 2015. De manera consecutiva, fueron incluidos pacientes con esquizofrenia, en tratamiento con el mismo esquema antipsicótico por al menos 3 meses. Se tomaron medidas antropom‚tricas y se recogió información del paciente y de su historia cl¡nica. Se estimaron frecuencias y medidas de tendencia central para la estad¡stica descriptiva. Los factores asociados al perfil metabólico se establecieron mediante an lisis bivariado y multivariado, con el S¡ndrome Metabólico (SM) como variable dependiente. Resultados: De un total de 272 pacientes, 40,8% cumplieron criterios para SM seg£n la ATP-III modificada; 6,3% presentaron diabetes, 8,1% hipertensión arterial, 43% sobrepeso, 28,7% obesidad y 74,3% presentaron al menos una alteraci¢n lip¡dica. El SM estuvo significativamente asociado a edad,antecedente familiar de infarto de miocardio (IM), ¡ndice de masa corporal (IMC) y uso de politerapia con antipsicóticos at¡picos. Conclusiones: La frecuencia de SM hallada en esta muestra de pacientes esquizofr‚nicosfue elevada y estuvo asociada a una variedad de factores que es indispensable evaluar para un manejo integral y adecuado de cada paciente.

ABSTRACT

Objectives: To describe the metabolic profile and its associated factors among patients with schizophrenia underantipsychotic treatment, seen in the outpatient service at the National Institute of Mental Health “Honorio Delgado–Hideyo Noguchi”, during a period of 3 months. Material and Methods: Cross-sectional study, carried out from May to July 2015. By consecutive sampling, patients with schizophrenia who were receiving the same antipsychotic treatment for at least three months were included. Anthropometric measures were taken, and medical data were obtained from the patients and their medical records. For descriptive statistics purposes, frequencies and measures of central tendency were estimated. To determine the metabolic profile-associated factors, bivariate and multivariate analyses were performed with the Metabolic Syndrome (MS) as a dependent variable. Results: From a total of272 patients evaluated, 40.8% met the modified ATP-III criteria for MS, 6.3% had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 8.1%had hypertension, 43% were overweight, 28.7% were obese and 74.3% had at least one lipid disorder. MS was significantly associated with age, family history of myocardial infarction (MI), body mass index (BMI) and use of polytherapy with atypical antipsychotics. Conclusions: The frequency of MS found in our sample of schizophrenic patients was high and was associated to a variety of factors whose evaluation is indispensable for an integral and adequate treatment of every patient.