Prescripción inapropiada en adultos mayores hospitalizados / Inappropriate prescription in elderly inpatients

RESUMEN

Una de las causas prevenibles de los eventos adversos a medicamentos (EAM) en la población adulta mayor es la prescripción inapropiada, (PIM), es decir aquella prescripción donde los riesgos superan los beneficios clínicos. Se propone conocer la incidencia de PIM con los criterios de Beers, los Screening tool of older person´s prescriptions (STOPP), la omisión de prescripción apropiada (PPO) con Screening tool to alert doctors to right treatment (START) y los costos medios de hospitalización. Es un estudio de incidencia de una muestra de pacientes > 64 años, internados en el periodo enero-julio 2014 en un hospital universitario. Se halló una incidencia de PIM de 61.4% con los criterios de Beers, 65.4% con STOPP y 27.6% de PPO con START. Se calculó una tasa de EAM de 15.2 EAM/100 admisiones y 18.6 EAM/1000 días paciente. El OR de EAM con PIM según Beers y STOPP fue 1.49 (IC95% 1.68-4.66) y 1.17 (IC95% 0.62-2.24) respectivamente. El costo de hospitalización en pacientes con EAM fue mayor que sin EAM (p = 0.020). Los resultados de PIM son similares a la mayoría de los estudios publicados, aunque levemente mayores para Beers y STOPP y menores para START. La tasa de EAM es inferior a la encontrada por Kanaan (18.7% vs. 15.2%). Hay una contribución de PIM a la aparición de EAM.

ABSTRACT

One of the causes of preventable adverse drug events (EAM) in the older adult population is the inappropriate prescription (PIM), i.e. that prescription where risks outweigh clinical benefits. The aim of this study is to determine the incidence of PIM with Beers criteria and Screening Tool of older person´s prescriptions (STOPP), Potentially Prescribing Omissions (PPO) with Screening Tool to alert doctors to Right Treatments (START), and the average costs of hospitalization. This is an incidence study on a sample of patients over 64 years hospitalized, from January to July 2014 at a university hospital. According to Beers criteria, PIM incidence was 61.4%, 65.4% with STOPP and 27.6% PPO with START. The EAM rate calculated was 15.2/100 admissions and 18.6 EAM / 1000 patient days. The OR of EAM with PIM according to Beers and STOPP was 1.49 (IC95% 1.68-4.66) and 1.17 (IC95% 0.62-2.24) respectively. The average cost of hospitalization in patients with EAM were higher than without EAM (p = 0.020). PIM results are in line with most of the studies cited, but slightly higher for Beers and STOPP and lower for START, and the rate of EAM is lower than the data found by Kanaan (18.7% vs. 15.2%). PIM contributes to the appearance of EAM. The costs of hospitalizations with EAM are higher than those without EAM, achieving level of significance.