Avaliação estética da região nasolabial em crianças com fissura labiopalatina unilateral por meio de fotografias padronizadas / Aesthetic evaluation of the nasolabial region in children with unilateral cleft lip and palate by means of standardized photographs

RESUMO

As avaliações estéticas dos resultados da reabilitação das fissuras labiopalatinas podem direcionar o planejamento de novas intervenções cirúrgicas além de auxiliar na reavaliação de protocolos de tratamento. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a estética da região nasolabial em crianças com fissura labiopalatina unilateral por meio de fotografias padronizadas. O grupo estudado foi selecionado no Ambulatório da Disciplina de Prótese Bucomaxilofacial da Faculdade de Odontologia da Universidade de São Paulo, sendo constituído por 55 pacientes na faixa etária entre 6 e 12 anos, que apresentavam fissura unilateral de lábio e rebordo alveolar, com ou sem comprometimento do palato, não sindrômicos, já submetidos às cirurgias reparadoras primárias. Foram obtidas fotografias digitais padronizadas em vista frontal, perfil direito, perfil esquerdo e obliqua submental, nas quais foram avaliadas características estéticas do nariz, lábio e região nasolabial. Em um primeiro estudo, por meio da classificação de Asher-McDade, foram realizadas as análises estéticas do lábio, nariz e região nasolabial dos 55 pacientes por três avaliadores experientes no tratamento de fissurados, utilizando fotografias de face inteira e fotografias de imagem recortada da região nasolabial, quando não se observou diferença estatisticamente significante entre elas (Teste da Estatística Alfa de Cronbach).

ABSTRACT

Aesthetic evaluation of rehabilitation outcomes of the cleft lip and palate may assist in the determination of new surgical interventions and aid in re-evaluation of treatment protocols. The aim of this study was to evaluate the aesthetics of the nasolabial region in children with a unilateral cleft lip and palate using standardized photographs. The study group was selected from the Clinical Division of Maxillofacial Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of São Paulo and consisted of 55 patients between 6 and 12 years of age with a unilateral cleft lip and alveolar ridge with or without the involvement of the palate, nonsyndromic, and who had already undergone primary reconstructive surgeries. Standardized digital photographs in the frontal and oblique submental views as well as in right and left profile were obtained, and the aesthetic features of the nose, lip, and nasolabial region were evaluated. In the first study, three experienced evaluators performed aesthetic analysis of the lip, nose, and nasolabial region by using the Asher-McDade esthetic index and it was compared full-face photographs and cropped images of the nasolabial region. However, no statistically significant difference was observed between the scores (Statistical Analysis Cronbach's alpha). The second study was conducted using only cropped photographic images of the nasolabial region in order to verify potential differences in the assessments of health professionals with and without experience in cleft lip and palate. A consensus score obtained from the assessments made by the professionals permitted the determination of a correlation between facial aesthetics and the following variables studied laterality of the cleft, sex of the patient, and the source hospital. Evaluation of the assessments of the inter raters revealed highly reliable assessments made by the experienced professionals group as well as those made by the group of professionals without experience,..