A relação de cuidado na perspectiva de médicos e pacientes durante a internação em hospital-escola / Care relationship from the perspective of physicians and patients during hospitalization in an university hospital

RESUMO

O presente estudo teve como objetivo conhecer e analisar, na perspectiva de médicos e pacientes, a relação de cuidado durante a internação hospitalar. A pesquisa se configurou como quanti-qualitativa, exploratória-descritiva, sendo realizada na Clínica Médica de um Hospital Universitário, em Cuiabá ­ MT. Foram entrevistados 15 pacientes, de ambos os sexos, de 40 a 59 anos, com diagnósticos cardiovasculares, que estiveram hospitalizados durante o segundo semestre de 2013; e nove médicos residentes, atuantes na clínica médica do referido hospital. A coleta de dados se deu por questionário e entrevista semi--estruturada. O processamento dos dados ocorreu pelo software ALCESTE, e a análise foi fundamentada por resultados de pesquisas com propósitos semelhantes, a partir de revisão da literatura. Concluiu-se que médicos e pacientes têm boa relação, mas elencam aspectos que podem melhorar. Têm expectativas diferentes quanto ao que seria uma relação ideal no cuidado ­ médicos priorizam aspectos técnicos, enquanto pacientes equivalem esses aos aspectos afetivos, concordando que a melhora estaria relacionada ao tempo e disponibilidade do médico. Como forma de superação do modelo biomédico, ainda dominante no hospital investigado, destaca-se a medicina centrada no paciente, no âmbito das ciências médicas, e a Abordagem Centrada na Pessoa, proposta psicológica desenvolvida por Carl Rogers (1902-1987).

ABSTRACT

The present study aims to identify and analyze, from the perspective of physicians and patients, the care relationship during hospitalization. The survey was configured as quantitative-qualitative, exploratory, descriptive, being held at the Medical Clinic of a University Hospital in Cuiabá - MT. 15 patients were interviewed, of both sexes, aged 40 to 59 years with cardiovascular diagnoses who were hospitalized during the second half of 2013; residents and nine physicians, working in the medical clinic of the hospital. The collection of data was a questionnaire and a semi-structured interview. The processing of data was carried ALCESTE software, and analysis was supported by research findings with similar purposes, from literature review. It was concluded that physicians and patients have a good relationship, but this papers presents ways this relationship could be improved. There are different expectations as to what would be an ideal relationship in care - physicians prioritize technical aspects, and patients feel that affection is as important as medical expertise and agree that the improvement is related is to time and availability of the doctor. As a way of overcoming the biomedical model, still predominated in the hospital in question, there is the patient-centered medicine within the medical sciences, and the Person Centered Approach, psychological approach developed by Carl Rogers (1902-1987).