Bone substitute in the repair of the post-extraction alveolus

ABSTRACT

In recent years there has been increasing interest in the choice of the best material for bone substitutes. Experimental models enable estimation of biological potential, efficacy and safety of a biomaterial before its clinical application. The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of a bone substitute, UNC bone matrix powder (MOeP-UNC), for repairing the postextraction alveolus in Wistar rats. Rats' first lower molars were extracted. The right alveoli were filled with MOeP-UNC hydrated with physiological saline (Experimental Group, EG), and the left alveoli were used as Control Group (CG). Thirty days after extraction, the animals were killed and the samples processed. Histological sections were made in vestibular- lingual direction at the level of the mesial alveolus of the first inferior molar (Guglielmotti et al. J. Oral Maxillofac. Surg. 1985;43(5)359-364). Repair of the alveoli at 30 days after extraction was evaluated histologically. Repair of the alveolus was optimum in the control group at 30 days, and the EG showed presence of MOeP-UNC particles in close contact with newly formed bone tissue (osseointegration). In the experimental model used, at 30 days post-surgery, the MOeP-UNC particles integrate compatibly with newly formed bone tissue.

RESUMEN

En los ultimos anos se ha incrementado el interes por la eleccion del material mas adecuado como sustituto oseo. Los modelos experimentales permiten estimar el potencial biologico, la eficacia y seguridad de un biomaterial, previo a su aplicacion clinica. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar la respuesta de un sustituto oseo, matriz osea-UNC en polvo (MOeP-UNC), en la reparacion alveolar post-exodoncia en ratas Wistar. Se realizo la exodoncia de los primeros molares inferiores. En los alveolos derechos se coloco MOeP-UNC hidratada con solucion fisiologica (Grupo Experimental, GE). Los alveolos izquierdos, fueron utilizados como Grupo Control (GC). A los 30 dias post-exodoncia los animales fueron sacrificados y las muestras obtenidas se procesaron, se realizaron cortes histologicos en sentido vestibulo-lingual a la altura del alveolo mesial del primer molar inferior (Guglielmotti et al. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 1985;43(5)359-364). Se realizo la evaluacion histologica de la reparacion de los alveolos a los 30 dias post cirugia. El grupo control presento una optima reparacion alveolar a los 30 dias y en el GE se evidencio la presencia de las particulas de MOeP-UNC en intimo contacto con el tejido oseo neoformado (oseointegracion). En el modelo experimental utilizado, a los 30 dias post-cirugia las particulas MOePUNC se integran de manera compatible con el tejido oseo neoformado.