Oral symptoms and oral health in patients with chronic kidney disease / Sintomas bucais e saúde bucal em pacientes com doença renal crônica

ABSTRACT

ABSTRACT Objective: Chronic kidney disease is characterized by progressive and irreversible loss of kidney function. The impact of this disease on oral health also presents controversial results. The aim of the study was to determine oral health conditions and oral symptoms of patients with Chronic kidney disease undergoing hemodialysis. Methods: A cross-sectional study on a population with chronic renal failure was performed. Anamnesis and oral examination, decayed, miss and filled teeth (DMFT) index, community periodontal index, simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and gingival index were conducted. Data were processed using SPSS v.s. 20.0 using descriptive statistics and Fischer's exact test and ANOVA test (p<0.05). Results: 64.9% of all the individuals were male. The mean age was 50.7±14.8 years. 82.4% had symptoms oral while 44.6% had xerostomia and 31.1% dysgeusia. The mean DMFT was 20.49+8.68, the GI was low in 78.4% and the OHI-S was satisfactory in 73%; according to the community periodontal index, the presence of dental calculus occurred in 52.7%, periodontal pockets 41.9% and gingivitis 2.7%. There was a statistically significant association between xerostomia (p=0.017) and number of drugs consumed and between dysgeusia and OHI-S (p=0.011). Conclusion: The results suggest that oral symptoms such as dry mouth and dysgeusia, are common in Chronic kidney disease patients undergoing hemodialysis. Dental calculus and periodontal disease in Chronic kidney disease may be severe even if low amount of biofilm is present. It is important that dentists know the most prevalent oral symptoms in the patient with Chronic kidney disease, as well as knowing that the periodontal condition of this patient should be carefully supervised.

RESUMO

RESUMO Objetivo: Avaliar as condições dental e periodontal e sintomas bucais em pacientes com com doença renal crônica em hemodiálise. Métodos: Realizou-se estudo transversal, com amostra de 74 indivíduos. Foi realizada anamnese e registrados dados sobre sintomas bucais de xerostomia, ardor bucal e disgeusia. Foram aplicados os índices CPO-D (dentes permanentes cariados, perdidos e obturados), CPI (índice periodontal comunitário), IHO-S (índice de higiene oral simplificado) e ISG (índice de sangramento gengival). Realizou-se análise descritiva dos dados e foram aplicados testes Teste Exato de Fischer e ANOVA, considerando p<0,05. Resultados: Em 64,9% os indivíduos eram do sexo masculino. A média de idade foi 50,7±14,8 anos. Os sintomas bucais ocorreram em 82,4% dos indivíduos, sendo 44,6% xerostomia e 31,1% disgeusias. O CPO-D médio foi 20,4±8,6; o ISG foi baixo em 78,4% e o IHO-S foi satisfatório em 73%; no CPI, cálculo dentário ocorreu em 61% sendo mais prevalente, bolsa periodontal ocorreu em 32,8% dos casos e gengivite em 3,1%. Conclusão: Indivíduo com com doença renal crônica pode apresentar elevada quantidade de cálculo dental, mesmo quando há baixa quantidade de biofilme dental. A ocorrência de sintomas bucais é um achado comum na doença renal crônica.