Condiciones del ambiente académico-laboral en la formación de estudiantes de enfermería / Conditions of Academic and Work Environment in the Basic Formation of Nursing Students

RESUMEN

Se trata de un estudio transversal comparativo, donde se considera el enfoque ambientalista, que da prioridad al ser y hacer, pues forma parte de la perspectiva epistemológica de la crítica de la experiencia, donde la clave del ambiente radica en lo que impide o facilita la propia elaboración del conocimiento. Se estructuró y validó un instrumento de 84 enunciados con 6 indicadores. Se aplicó a 157 alumnos de segundo a octavo semestres. Los resultados obtenidos mostraron, diferencias estadísticas significativas en las percepciones, de alumnos entre grupos e indicadores, al aplicar la prueba de Kruskal Wallis. Se hizo una escala de 0 a 84 para ubicar estas percepciones sobre los ambientes laborales, dividida en 5 categorías desde muy desfavorable a muy favorable, ubicando 22 alumnos como regularmente favorable; 86 favorable y 49 muy favorable; 38 alumnos refirieron sentirse hostigados y 7 percibieron acoso sexual en los servicios. 130 alumnos expresaron comentarios, los cuales fueron analizados cualitativamente. En el ambiente educativo de enfermería, no se ha indagado sobre ambientes laborales y su relación con la formación profesional de alumnas(os) de licenciatura en enfermería, por lo que este estudio es un primer acercamiento a ellos.

ABSTRACT

It is a comparative transverse study, where it is considered the focus environmentalist that gives priority to the how being and the how doing as a part of the epistemology perspective from the critic of the experience. In that perspective, the atmosphere's key resides on that what impedes or facilitates the elaboration of knowledge by itself. It was structured and validated a survey of 84 items with 6 indicators. 157 nursing students from the second through the eighth semester were surveyed. The results showed significant statistic differences related to students perceptions among groups and indicators when applying the Kruskal Wallis. A scale was made from 0 to 84 to locate these perceptions on the work environment and was divided on five categories from very unfavorable up to very favorable, locating 22 students as regularly favorable, 86 favorable and 49 very favorable. 38 students referred to be harassed and 7 students perceived sexual harassment in the clinical settings. 130 students expressed comments which were analyzed qualitatively. In the educational nursing atmosphere, the work environments and their relation with the professional formation of bachelor degree students have not been investigated, which becomes this study as the first attempt to it.