[ frequency of cleft lip and palate and the celated risk factors in a group of neonates in the city of kerman during 1994-2002]

ABSTRACT

Orofacial clefts are the most common congenital clefts in humans. Etiology of oral clefts is multifactorial [genetic and environmental factors] and prevalence of oral clefts is different among various ethnic groups. The aim of this study was to determine the frequency of oral clefts and risk factors related to it among a group of newborns in Iran. This descriptive study was performed on 147500 files of newborns [1994-2002] in Mahdieh and Akbarabady Hospital in Tehran. The files of 193 files of newborns with oral clefts, 240 normal newborns as control group and their mothers were evaluated. Demographic data along with information about [sex, weight, prematurity, type of oral clefts] of newborns and age, drug consumption and familial matrimony of mothers were recorded. Data were analized by SPSS 10 software and the Chi-square test. Out of totally 147500 newborns 193 cases had oral clefts [1.3 for 1000 birth], 46.11% had cleft lip+cleft palate], 29.01% had [cleft lip] and 24.87% had cleft palate]. Male to female ratio was 1.27. Oral clefts were significantly higher in low weight newborns [<2500 gr] [P<0.001, OR= 3.2]. A significant relationship was found between familial matrimony of parents [P<0.001, OR=27], age of mother and systemic disease the mother and organic disorders. [P=0.04, OR=2.6, OR=2.3] with oral cleft in new borns. In 50% of newborns with cleft palate had other skeletal. The present study showed that frequency of oral clefts in the studied population was 1.3 for 1000 births, which is similar to other research results in Iran. On the base of this study low birth weight of newborns [<2500 gr], familial matrimony of parents, age of mother and systemic disease of her and large size family are the most predisposing factors associated with oral clefts, respectively A prenatal care program for pregnant women and genetic consultation in high risk groups is recomended