Urine cytological examination in clinical practice

ABSTRACT

Urine of 245 patients with various urinary tract disorders were studied cytologically, and the findings were correlated with the clinical cystoscopic and histopathological findings of the biopsies taken from these patients. Malignant cells were detected in the urine of 91% of bladder cancer patients, 43% of either renal or prostatic cancer patients and in one patient with a ureteral tumour. Urothelial atypia [dysplastic and metaplastic changes] were detected in 50% of patients with chronic bilharzial cystitis and 59% of patients with urolithiasis-particularly those harboring vesical calculi, raising the speculation that these patients are high risk groups of developing bladder cancer. The overall accuracy of urine cytological examination was 90%, with false positive and false negative results respectively forming 2% and 8%