risk factors for development of a diabetic foot in asymptomatic diabetics

ABSTRACT

Neuropathy, ischaemia and foot deformities are the main predisposing factors for development of a diabetic foot. Screening asymptomatic diabetics may reveal early preventable predisposing factors of foot ulceration. One hundred diabetics presenting to Jabir Abu Eliz Diabetic Centre [JADC] for routine follow up at the medical clinic were studied. The feet were examined for neuropathy, ischaemia and deformities. Patients were educated about the significance of these findings and were instructed about foot care and wear as required. The mean age was 55 +/- 12 yrs and MF ratio was 12. Sixty percent of patients had diabetes over 10 yrs and 90% were Type II Diabetes mellitus. Sixteen percent of patients had relative lower limb ischaemia as shown by an ankle/brachial index [AB index <0.9] and 50% had sensory neuropathy. More than 50% had foot deformities. There are significant findings in asymptomatic diabetics related to the development of the diabetic foot. All patients attending a diabetic clinic should be screened for predisposing factors leading to the development of the diabetic foot and counseled. It remains to be seen how future follow up will results in better care and outcome in those patients