Hyperglycemic/diabetic condition in school children of Dera Ismail Khan

ABSTRACT

Hyperglycemia/Type-2 diabetes mellitus is becoming more common at a younger age because of obesity and inactivity in children. Hyperglycemia/Diabetes is more common in those with family history of diabetes mellitus. All overweight and obese individuals have insulin resistance but those with an inability to increase beta cell secretion of insulin, develop hyperglycemia/Type-2 diabetes mellitus. Total of 107 school children [6-11 years] were included in this study with 60 [56.07%] boys and 47 [43.93%] girls. 77 [77.96%] children were obese and 30 [28.04%] were normal weights. Thorough clinical examination excluded those with chronic health problems. Height and weight of each school child was taken. Body mass index was calculated according to Quatelet's Index BMI number of each child was plotted on the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's [CDC] gender specific growth charts for 2-20 years to get BMI for-age percentile. Body mass index [underweight, normal weight, overweight and obese] was determined according to World Health Organization. Casual plasma glucose level was determined instantly after getting venous blood using Trendier-Reaction Casual plasma glucose level >200 mg/dl was taken as normal. Hyperglycemia/Type-2 diabetes mellitus is diagnosed when symptoms of diabetes mellitus and casual plasma glucose concentration is >200 mg/dl. 150 mg/dl was the maximum concentration of casual plasma glucose without any associated symptoms [polyuria, polydipsia and polyphagia] of diabetes mellitus. None of the child was suffering from hyperglycemia/ Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Early detection of hyperglycemia/Type-2 diabetes mellitus may reduce the micro and macro-vascular complications in undiagnosed cases especially in children with obesity and family history of Type-2 diabetes mellitus