Microbiological study of removed intrauterine devices

ABSTRACT

Intrauterine devices [IUDs] are highly [effective, long-term methods of contraception. Although evidence of a direct association between IUD use and pelvic inflammatory disease [PID] is scarce, concerns about PID related to IUDs use has limited their use throughout the world. In this study, 200 participants were chose from among women who requested an IUD as a means of contraception. The IUDs were removed 36 months later or in case of PID. No PID cases were recorded during the follow-up period. Prior to IUD insertion, 121 women [60.5%] had symptoms and/or signs of lower genital tract infection, whereas during the follow-up period 179 women [89.5%] had symptoms and/or signs of lower genital tract infection. Vaginal and endocervical specimens prior to insertion of IUD and during follow up period were collected from all participants and specimens from removed IUD. The Papanicolaou smears were negative for Actionmyces throughout the study period. Following IUD removal, 189 LUD cultures [94.5%] were positive. The bacterial flora of the removed IUDs consisted of common aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that do not account for PID. The most common microorganisms identified were Staphylococcus coagulase negative [67%], Eschericia coli [57%], and Enterococcus faecalis [47%]. IUDs are a very effective and safe method of contraception if potential recipients are selected carefully. Culture of the removed IUDs and therapeutic management of women with positive cultures are not recommended when women are asymptomatic for PID