Protective effect of pretreatment with thymoquinone against aflatoxin B1 induced liver toxicity in mice

ABSTRACT

Thymoquinone [TQ] is one of the active components of Nigella sativa. The plant has been used in herbal medicine for treatment of many diseases including liver complications. The present study aimed to investigate protective effects of TQ on Aflatoxin B1 [AFB1] induced liver toxicity in mice. Animals were divided into six groups and treated intraperitoneally. Group 1 [blank] served as vehicle, group 2 [positive control] received AFB1, Group 3 was treated with 9 mg/kg of TQ, Groups 4, 5 and 6 were treated with 4.5, 9 and 18 mg/kg of TQ, respectively. After three consecutive days, except for groups 1 and 3, animals were administered with a single dose of AFB1 [2 mg/kg]. All the animals were killed 24 hrs following the AFB1 administration under ether anesthesia. Biochemical parameters including AST, ALT and ALP in serum samples and glutathione [GSH] and malondialdehyde [MDA] contents in liver homogenates were determined. Liver sections were collected for histopathological examination. Findings of this study showed that AST, ALT, ALP and MDA levels were significantly lower in the TQ treated animals as compared to AFB1 group [group 2]. Furthermore, TQ was able to recover glutathione content [GSH] of liver tissue. The best response, however, was observed with the dose of 9 mg/kg. Liver sections of AFB1 intoxicated mice showed inflammation, necrosis, hyperplasia of kupffer and infiltration of mononuclear cells, dilation of sinusoids and disruption of hepatocytes, while treatment with TQ helped to normalize liver architecture in accordance to biochemical findings. Taken collectively, TQ has a protective role with optimum dose of 9 mg/kg in AFB1 hepatotoxicity