Five years of prospective surveillance of nosocomial infections in a Saudi Arabian general hospital

ABSTRACT

To determine the incidence of nosocomial infection by service and site and the distribution of pathogens involved during a five year period. Hospital - wide, Intensive Care Unit and Burns Unit of Qatif Central Hospital. Patients with proven nosocomial infections. Analysis of patient's data collected by active surveillance using a combination of case finding methods. The overall rate of nosocomial infection was 2.2%. According to the hospital services the rates of nosocomial infection ranged from 0.8% to 28%. The highest rates were seen in the Burns Unit [28%] and Intensive Care Unit [24%]; the major sites of nosocomial infections were urinary tract [29%], post operative wound infection [24%], respiratory tract infection [18%] and blood-stream infection [11%] Pseudomonas spp. was the most frequently isolated nosocomial pathogen [18.9%], followed by S. aureus, [16.5%] Klebsiella spp. [13.5%], E coli [9%], Candida spp. [5.5%], Coagulase negative staphylococci [5.3%] and Enterococci [5.5%]. Nosocomial infection is a problem in Burns Units and in high dependency areas. In Saudi Arabia, like other countries, prospective active surveillance and dissemination of information to health care staff may identify areas where infection control prevention effort should be focused