Clinical characteristics and sensitisation to common aeroallergens in patients with asthma and rhinitis

ABSTRACT

Allergic disorders such as asthma and rhinitis are common and their prevalence is rising Differences in climatic and living conditions may modify the disease prevalence. The causes of allergic asthma and rhinitis vary considerably in different parts of the world depending on the type of the allergens present in the environment. We studied the clinical characteristics and causative allergens in patients with asthma and rhinitis. All patients seen in a respiratory allergy clinic with symptoms suggestive of rhinitis and asthma over a twelve months period were invited to participate in a prospective study. A detailed history was obtained, seeking information on the type and duration of symptoms and current treatment. Skin prick test [SPT] to a standard battery of common aeroallergens were performed. The analysis in confined to 109 adults and children who fulfilled the criteria. Common presenting symptoms for rhinitis were rhinorrhoea and sneezing and for asthma; dyspnea, cough and wheezing. Antihistamines were most commonly used [35%] in rhinitis and bronchodilator [54%] in asthma. Overall, skin test were positive to one or more common allergens in 91 [84%]. The rate of sensitization was 88% in asthma and 82% in rhinitis. Dust-mites by far the commonest allergen with 60-70 sensitised. Between 30-40% were positive to pollens, fungi and cat dander. The pattern of sensitization was similar in patients with asthma and rhinitis. Conclusion: Interesting differences were observed in the presenting complaints, treatment prescribed and pattern of sensitization to common allergens form conducted in the western world. This may reflect difference in environmental factors and way of living