Baseline leukocyte count and acute coronary syndrome: predictor of adverse cardiac events, long and short term mortality and association with traditional risk factors, cardiac biomarkers and C-reactive protein

ABSTRACT

The elevated WBC count has been accepted as part of healing response following myocardial infarction as well as a predictor of adverse cardiovascular events. The study was designed to find out correlation between WBC count and coronary risk factors, cardiac biomarkers, C-reactive protein [CRP], incidence of adverse cardiac events and mortality in patients of ACS in Pakistan. One hundred and thirty- three patients of ACS were stratified according to WBC categories, WBC1 [<700/mm[3]], WBC2 [7100-10, 000/mm[3]] and WBC [>10, 000/mm[3]]. The WBCs were counted on admission by Sysmex cell counter, CRP by immunoturbidimetric method, and CK-MB and Trop-I by enzyme immunoassay. Adverse cardiac events and mortality were recorded for 12 months of follow up period. Long term mortality in patients with ACS was 6.4% in WBC1, 18.2% in WBC2 and 40.9% in WBC3 categories, while short term mortality was 2.6%, 3.0% and 18.2% in WBC2 and 40.9% in WBC3 categories respectively. Relative to patients in lower 2 WBC categories, patients in the highest category were 7 times more likely to die during 30 days [HR 7.83, p=0.017] and more than 9 times during the total follow up period [HR 9.42, p<0.001]. Cox regression analysis showed WBC3 a strong independent predictor of mortality [HR 6.36, p=0.016]. WBC count showed a positive correlation with coronary risk factors, cardiac biomarkers and CRP. WBC count is a strong independent predictor of mortality in patients with ACS and has positive correlation with coronary risk factors, cardiac biomarkers and CRP