Obstructive cholestasis and extra hepatic biliary tract surgery in dogs: clinical and pathological evaluation

ABSTRACT

The present study aimed to evaluate some surgical techniques as cholecystectomy, cholecystoduodenostomy and cholecystogastrostomy as well as liver functions via biochemical and pathological evaluation following experimental extra hepatic cholestasis. 12 apparently clinically healthy mongrel dogs were used. Extra hepatic cholestasis was induced surgically by obstruction of and common bile duct. Clinically, the animals showed several signs including partial anorexia which continued for 3 days and progressed to complete anorexia for another 2 days, then ali dogs was ate normally by the day 6[th] post operation. Visible jaundice, pale to slightly yellow mucous membrane of conjunctiva and gum, duliness, dehydration and sever emaciation was noticed. Cholecystectomy, Cholecystoduodenostomy and cholecystogastrostomy showed depression with anorexia in the first week and gradually increased until reaching its normal level. Intermittent diarrhea and vomiting were noticed at the first 3 days especially in cholecystogastrostomy. Macroscopically severe distention of gallbladders, cystic ducts and common bile ducts were clearly noticed in cholestatic dogs. Adhesions between liver surface and surrounding peritoneum were found. Serum levels of total and direct bilirubin in choestasis were significantly increased throughout the period of the experiment. GGT, AST, ALT and ALP levels showed marked increase beginning at the second day after complete billiary duct obstruction. Serum cholesterol and glucose levels showed a significant increase. Serum total protein, albumin and globulin levels showed a significant decrease followed by increase throughout the experiment. Biliary bypass proved as easy technique especially cholecystoduodenostomy.it is therefore suggested that; clinical signs, biochemical and pathological changes are useful diagnostic primary tools in mongri dogs affected with extra hepatic obstructive cholestatic lesions. The cholecystoduodenstomy proved as useful surgical procedure to bypass sites of obstruction affecting the extra hepatic billiary tree than cholecystectomy and cholecystodgastrotomy