Burdens of animal environment on human health

ABSTRACT

Our environment is affected by a great variety of pollutants and emerging infectious diseases. The public health threats are affected by the relationship between people and the physical, chemical, and biological nature of our natural environments .Vector-borne and zoonotic diseases, water contamination, airborne contaminants, bioaccumulative contaminants in the food chain, and environment threat to public health. Workers, area residents, and the communities located downstream or down-wind of the animals may find themselves with a lot of problems on their hands. Zoo animals, backyard wildlife, pets, and livestock, all serve the public as valuable "First Alert" systems for emerging infectious diseases. Animal symptoms and responses to conditions around them can serve as an early warning system for potential threats to human health .Arthropods, such as fleas, ticks, or mosquitos, are common vectors that transfer disease from an infected individual to others, be they wild or domestic animals or people. Ticks can carry pathogens that are the causes of Lyme disease, ehrlichiosis or babesiosis, Earthworms, swallows, bats, other wildlife, and even our pets are all animal sentinels alerting us to disease, allergens, and contaminants in our environment. Bats have long served informally as public health surveillance systems for rabies. Prairie dogs are also valuable wildlife informants, alerting us to the occurrence and spread of plague. Rodents, commercially bred or trapped in the wild, may be infected with a number of zoonotic infections, including Salmonella, lymphocytie choriomeningitis virus [LCMV], Machupo virus hemorrhagic fevers, murine typhus, tularemia, and plague. Free-living amoebae are natural reservoirs of many types of bacteria such as Legionella spp., Burkholderia pickettii, Vibrio cholerae, Myobacterium avium and Listeria monocytogenes. Amoebae in cooling towers and water treatment facility bioflims are considered the primary reservoir for pathogenic legionellae