Drinking water: a major source of lead exposure in Karachi, Pakistan
EMHJ-Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal. 2011; 17 (11): 882-886
em Inglês
| IMEMR
| ID: emr-158722
ABSTRACT
Excess lead in drinking water is a neglected source of lead toxicity in Pakistan. A cross-sectional survey in 2007/08 was made of water samples from drinking water sources in Karachi, a large industrial city. This study aimed to compare lead levels between untreated ground water and treated surface [tap] water in 18 different districts. Of 216 ground and surface water samples collected, 86% had lead levels higher than the World Health Organization maximum acceptable concentration of 10 ppb. Mean lead concentration in ground water [146 [SD 119] ppb] was significantly higher than in surface water [77.1 [SD 54] ppb]. None of the 18 districts had a mean lead level of ground or surface water below the WHO cut-off and ground water sources in 9 districts had a severe level of contamination [> 150 ppb]. Urgent action is needed to eliminate sources of contamination
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Índice:
IMEMR (Mediterrâneo Oriental)
Assunto principal:
Água
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Estudos Transversais
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Ingestão de Líquidos
Tipo de estudo:
Estudo de prevalência
Limite:
Humanos
Idioma:
Inglês
Revista:
East Mediterr Health J.
Ano de publicação:
2011
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