Effect of fusarium wilt disease on peanut plants and their biological and chemical control

ABSTRACT

Two field experiments were conducted at Muqdadiya and Khanaquin, iyala province during the season 2002, revealed the importance of the fusarium wilt disease caused by the fungus Fusarium solani on peanut plants. The percentage of infected plants ranged between 52.8 and 61.2%, while the yield significantly decreased to 1430 and 866 Kg/donum respectively. Treated seeds with biopesticide Tahadi Trichodetma harzianum at rate 5 g/Kg. seeds or with mixed fungicide Celest at rate 5 cc. 7500 cc. water and the insecticide Cruiser at rate 16 cc. /Kg. seeds, achieved highest significant differences in yield components and yield compared to the other treatments. Untreated plants was 1780 and 1303 Kg/donum for Tahadi, while for mixed pesticides was 1820 and 1335 Kg/donum, in both locations respectively.In spite of the treatment with the fungicides Celest or Captan increased the yield significantly compared to those plants treated with Cruiser, Sevin 85% or untreated plants. The results showed no significant differences between both fungicides, but their efficacy was significantly less than the biopesticide Tahadi or the mixed pesticides [Celest + Cruiser]