How effective is the use of metaphor therapy on reducing psychological symptoms and pain discomfort in patients with non-cardiac chest pain: a randomized, controlled trial

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Psychological symptoms of non-cardiac chest pain [NCCP] including perceptual, emotional, and behavioral problems can effect patient perception of chest pain. This study was conducted to determine the effect of metaphor therapy on mitigating depression, anxiety, stress, and pain discomfort in patients with NCCP