Upregulation of integrin-alpha6 and integrin-beta1 gene expressions in mouse spermatogonial stem cells after continues and pulsed low intensity ultrasound stimulation

ABSTRACT

Objective: low intensity ultrasound [continues and pulsed] is a form of energy. Spermatogonial stem cells [SSCs] are at the base of male fertility. This study investigated the effects of low intensity ultrasound stimulation [LIUS] and low intensity pulsed ultrasound stimulation [LIUPS] on the expression of germ cell-specific and pluripotency genes in SSCs in vitro