Physiological and immunological evaluation of rabies vaccine adsorbed to two different vaccine vehicles

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Rabies virus a zoonotic disease causing >55 million annual deaths. 5 generations for the development of rabies vaccine for both animal and human uses were developed. In low income countries it is essential to develop the cell culture vaccine to substitute the traditional goat brain vaccine for its severe dangerous adverse events recorded by the WHO. Mass production is money costing so maximizing productivity throughout the theutical formulation of vaccine is a matter to concern regarding the immune response , and the biological changes are considered. Methodology: Rabies vaccine was prepared by enhancing propagation of Rabies virus in Vero cells. Harvests were clarified; concentrated by hollow fibre cartridge and inactivated using j3-propiolactone [BPL] as a more safe and has a fast inactivating potential ED50 inactivated vaccine was evaluated using mice inoculation assay [MIA] and then loaded on 2 different vaccine delivery vehicles namely Alum and calcium phosphate nanoparticles [CPN] and Alum. Immune responses, pathological events and physiological changes were monitored. Results: BPL showed fast inactivation potentials for rabies virus within 2 hrs and depletion rate was 1.8 log10/15 min and related ED50 was with accordance to WHO recommendations [>2.5 IV/dose]. Humoral and cellular immune responses were monitored revealing a time and route of administration dependence and the Ab and IFN-y and IL-10 peaking was on the 3[rd] week and 96 hrs post immunization respectively. Histopathological changes were detected in liver, kidney but not the spleen. Additionally, traceability of accumulated Al and Ca ions in liver and brain tissues were not significantly changed than control group. Conclusion: It can be concluded that CPN is a promising vaccine vehicle than the current used Alum. It has good antibody stimulation potentials. As well as the least and short durative pathological changes and its degradability as a cell content is reduced. As well as its accumulation rate that enhance biological and histological status of different organs is decreased?