Evaluation of the regenerative potential of bisphosphonate gel around immediate dental implants [an experimental study]

ABSTRACT

Previous studies have demonstrated and increase in bone mass and density with use of alendronate sodium. This agent acts as an inhibitor of osteoclast activity and is thought to result in more net osteoblastic activity. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of locally applied alendronate on guided bone regeneration around dental implants. The study was conducted on seven adult dogs, where bilateral extraction of their mandibular first premolar was performed after the reflection of gingival mucoperiosteal flap and immediate HR-implants [MTM-system] were placed on both sides. Bisphosphonate gel was applied on the right side only around and coating the implant [experimental group], while in the left side the implant was placed without adding the gel [control group]. The animals were sacrificed at one and two months postoperatively. Specimens were evaluated radiographically, histologically and histochemically. Radiographic results showed an increase in radiographic bone density at 1 and 2 months in experimental group. Histologic results revealed early osteoblastic activity; coarse bundles of collagen fibers covering and growing between alendronate gel at 1 month in experimental group. At 2 months, new bone formation and dense mature lamellar bone were observed directed towards implant. Histochemically, results confirmed the histological findings. In conclusion, this study implies that topical delivery of alendronate at surgery increases early bone formation around formation around immediate dental implants