Relationship between renal failure and hypertension among patients in riyadh, saudi arabia

Background: chronic kidney disease [CKD] is common in Saudi although there are few data on the prevalence of this disorder. Therefore, we initiated a multicenter screening study to identify the prevalence and staging of CKD in 712 patients with known hypertension in four hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

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Method: we measured estimated glomerular filtration rate by the six-variable modification of diet in renal disease equation and proteinuria by the protein/creatinine ratio. All the subjects studied were Saudis

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Results: of the 712 patients studied, the median age was 59 years [range 19-90 years] and 560 [78.7%] of the patients were female. The mean duration of hypertension was 4 years [range 0.1-50]. The overall prevalence of CKD was 46.9% [95% CI: 43.2-50.7%]; 19.1% had CKD stages 1-2 and 27.8% had CKD stages 3-5. There was no difference in age between patients with or without CKD [p = 0.12]. The overall prevalence of proteinuria was 28.9% [95% CI: 25.6-32.4%]; 14.7% of subjects had preexisting diabetes mellitus and their prevalence of CKD [55%; 95% CI: 42.4-62.2] did not differ from those without diabetes [46%; 95% CI: 41.9-50.0, p = 0.133]

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Conclusion: CKD is common in hypertensive patients in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia with a prevalence of 46.9%. This provided justification for the inclusion of this group in CKD screening programs in Saudi