Diagnosis and management of intrauterine growth retardation

ABSTRACT

This study included 50 pregnant women suspected to have intra-uterine Growth Retardation [IUGR]. Various clinical methods and investigations were used to determine if IUGR is present and If so, whether there is any etiological factor and to identify the fetus at risk. In 32 patients [64%] there was no obvious cause of IUGR Pre-eclampsia was present in 12 patients [24%] and chronic renal disease was present in 4 patients [8%]. One patient was a heavy smoker. Daily Fetal movements recording showed reduction in 37 patients [74%], out of these only 28 patients delivered small for gestational age babies. Out of these 20 babies had good Apgar score. The symphysis - Fundus measurements were subnormal in all cases [100%], however, only 31 patients [62%] delivered small for gestational age babies. A reactive Cardio-Tocography [C. T. G.] was effective in predicting good birth condition in 45 patients [90%]. Thirty patients [60%] had subnormal growth pattern by ultrasound examination, but 18 patients [34%] delivered small for gestational age babies. The incidence of Caesarian section was relatively high [32%]. There were 3 perinatal deaths, 1 still birth and 2 early neonatal deaths. The diagnosis of IUGR is not easy and often elusive until delivery, but it is important as it is one of the major causes of perinatal death