Urolithiasis formation of stone in kidney or at any level of urinary tract

ABSTRACT

Stones may form at any level in the urinary tract, but mostly in the kidney. Males are affected somewhat more than females. About 80% patients of kidney stones possess unilateral type. The most favourable sites for their formation are the renal calcyces and pelvis. In gout stone contains more uric acid as sodium salt. Stones are of importance when they obstruct urinary flow. Smaller stones are more hazardous, since they may pass into the ureters producing pain and obstruction. Different types of stones may possess different chemical composition. Calcium-oxalate type of stone is predominant and found commonly. In children, and in both sexes, the stone incidence peaked between 1-3 years, while in adults over the age of 30