review of the evaluation and management of peripheral vascular disease

ABSTRACT

Peripheral vascular disease [PVD] is a prevalent and leading public health problem. It is defined as partial or complete occlusion of one or more arteries, usually of the pelvis or lower limbs, caused by atherosclerosis. This condition is manifested by symptoms of compromised blood flow with exercise or, in severe cases, at rest. Patients with compromised blood flow to the extremities most commonly present with pain [claudication] of a muscle group. PVD is associated with increased cardiovascular mortality and morbidity. Unfortunately, it is often under-diagnosed and under-treated. Ankle-brachial index [ABI] is an inexpensive and reliable test for the screening of peripheral arterial disease. Aggressive control of risk factors, exercise rehabilitation and pharmacological interventions are highly effective in improving the symptoms of intermittent claudication and in reducing cardiovascular events