Polycystic ovarian disease

ABSTRACT

Polycystic ovarian disease [PCOD] is a multidimensional worrisome condition. It produces hirsutism which is quite troublesome to young ladies. Menstrual disorders and infertility could generate enormous anxiety. There is complex interdigitation of anovulation and myriads of small follicular cysts. Recent advances in diagnosis and treatment of polycystic ovarian disease [PCOD] have renewed attention on this disease. The exact cause of polycystic ovarian disease is not known. Polycystic ovaries are obviously not the cause of the symptom complex but rather a manifestation of underlying multifactorial disorders. To summarize current information regarding the epidemiology, new concepts, pathophysiology, diagnosis and complications of polycystic ovarian disease. Pertinent literature from 1986 to December, 2006 is reviewed, emphasizing recent findings. The term polycystic ovarian disease refers to a condition which results from a complex interaction of a wide spectrum of familial, individual, social, and endocrinological factors. Diagnosis is established on appropriate laboratory and ultrasound findings. There is usually low FSH level along with raised LH and androgen levels and insulin resistance. The long term effects of PCOD are due to anovulation causing mainly infertility and menstrual disturbances. Patients with PCOD are also at increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma