effect of denture stability, occlusion, oral hygiene and smoking on denture-induced stomatitis

ABSTRACT

This longitudinal clinical investigation was undertaken to find out the effect of denture wearing habit [day versus day and night], denture hygiene and cigarette smoking habit on the frequency of denture induced stomatitis. Comparisons were made between 240 complete denture wearers, half of whom were asked to wear their dentures at the daytime only and the other half to wear the denture day and night. All these participants were male patients with a mean age of 57.6 years who had received maxillary complete acrylic dentures for the first time. Fifty percent of the samples were smokers. A standard method for examination of the mouth and denture construction, insertion and follow up were employed. Putative risk factors [denture wearing habits, denture hygiene and smoking] were investigated. Subjects were recalled 12 months after insertion to examine the quality of the denture and the condition of the maxillary mucosa. No significant correlation was found between deterioration of stability or occlusion and type of habitual use of the dentures [P > 0.05]. Fourteen percent of the cases reported with inflamed maxillary mucosa. Deterioration of retention or occlusion separately showed no correlation with the condition of the mucosa. However, associated deterioration of both stability and occlusion proved to be significantly correlated with the occurrence of denture stomatitis [P < 0.05]. Denture stomatitis was significantly more frequently with subjects wearing their dentures overnight compared with those who removed them [P < 0.05]. A significant correlation was also found between cigarette smoking, poor oral hygiene and the presence of denture induced stomatitis [P < 0.05]. Nocturnal denture wearing habit, deficient oral and denture hygiene, and cigarette smoking are all important predisposing factors to denture-induced stomatitis, however, none of these factors was the sole cause of mucosal inflammation