Occult hepatitis B virus infection among blood donors with antibodies to hepatitis B core antigen

ABSTRACT

Diagnosis of hepatitis B is routinely based on of serological assay of hepatitis B surface antigen [HBsAg]. Occult hepatitis B virus [HBV] infection is generally defined as the detection of HBV -DNA in the serum or tissues of subjects who have negative test for HBsAg. Transmission of HBV infection has been documented from HBsAg negative, anti-HBc positive blood and organ donors. The aim of this study was to determine the rate of occult HBV infection among HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive blood donors of Rafsanjan blood transfusion center. Sera from 270 healthy blood donors who were negative for both HBsAg and anti-HCV, were tested for anti-HBc antibodies by use of ELISA technique. The samples that were negative for HBsAg but positive for anti-HBc markers also examined for the presence of HBV-DNA by polymerase chain reaction [PCR]. Out of 270 HBsAg negative blood samples, 14 samples [5.18%] were positive for anti-HBc antibodies. HBV-DNA was detected in 4/14 [28.57%] of HBsAg negative and anti-HBc positive samples. Moreover, anti-HBs antibody was detected in 2/4 [50%] of HBV-DNA positive samples. These results indicated that HBV-DNA found in the majority of HBsAg negative and anti-HBc-positive donors. In addition, the present study recommend the incorporation of routine anti-HBc screening of blood as a surrogate marker of occult HBV infection to prevent some transfusion-transmitted HBV infections