Contamination assessment of surface and groundwater within and around two dumpsites

ABSTRACT

Geochemical analyses of groundwater and streams flowing around abandoned and active dumpsites in Lagos, Southwestern Nigeria were carried out. Results show that water samples have generally low total dissolved solids with average values of 163.75 and 153.4 for abandoned and active dumpsites, respectively. pH ranges from 3.96-8.34 while total hardness varies from 10-220 mg/L calcium carbonate [soft to slightly hard]. Average concentrations of the dominant ions for abandoned and active dumpsites were 57.8 and 25.86 mg/L [Na] representing 40.7 and 46.3% of the total cations respectively and Nitrate [av. 96.89 and 61.51 mg/L] representing 49.1% and 40%, respectively of the total anions. The pH, coliform count and concentrations of nitrate iron, manganese and sodium in most of the water samples were above the national drinking water standards proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency. Trace elements like silver, arsenic, beryllium, bismuth, cerium, cobalt, chromium, lithium selenium, tellurium, titanium, uranium, vanadium, tin and yttrium were below detection level for all the water samples while tungsten, thallium, molybdenum and lead were only present in surface and groundwater close to the dumpsites and also display values higher than recommended standards while cupper, zinc, aluminum, barium and strontium were present in most of the samples. The pollution index among all sites varied from 0.009 to 1.26 and 0.106 to 6.25 for abandoned and active dumpsites, respectively while the water around most of the dumpsite areas exceeded the acute and chronic effect levels proposed by the United States Environmental Protection Agency in 2007