Viral hepatitis serological markers among pregnant women in Caracas, Venezuela: implication for perinatal transmission of hepatitis B and C / Marcadores serológicos para hepatitis viral en embarazadas en Caracas, implicaciones para la transmisión perinatal de la hepatitis B y C

RESUMEN

Viral hepatitis serological markers were analized in two groups of pregnant women residing in Caracas from1) a maternity unit at the moment of delivery (106 sera, low income population), and 2) a private clinic during the third trimester of pregnancy (105 sera, medium-high economic class population). A higher percent positivity was observed in the maternity unit compared to the private clinic for hepatitis A virus (HAV) as measured by anti-HAV activity (96 por ciento vs 48 per cent; p<0.01 per cent), for hepatitis B virus (HBV) as measured by anti-HBc activity (13 per cent vs 2 per cent; p<0.01 per cent), but not for HBV carriage, as measured by HBsAg (3.8 per cent vs 0 per cent; p=0.06 per cent). These differences appear to correlate with the socio-economic level. All the HBsAg positive sera were HBsAg negative and negative for the presence of DNA by PCR, confirming the low rate of perinatal transmission observed in Venezuela. Two out of 106 sera (1.9 per cent) were positive for HCV antibodies in the maternity unit and 0/105 in the private clinic, although these differences were non significant (NS). Two out of 106 sera (1.9 per cent) were positive for HEV antibodies in the maternity unit and 1/80 (1.3 per cent) in the private clinic (NS). The anti-HEV seropositivity probably reflects a past infection. The importance of testing these viral markers during pregnancy is discussed