Synaptic messenger substances in memory processes

RESUMO

Nitric oxide (NO), carbon monoxide (CO), the platelet-activating factor (PAF) and arachidonic acid are released by stimulated neurons, enhance glutamate release at nerve terminals and have been proposed as synaptic messengers involved in plastic phenomena, such as the long-term potentiation of glutamatergic synapses. Long-term potentiation has been suggested to be a basic mechanism of memory processes. The microinjection of inhibitors of the synthesis of NO and CO or of antagonists of the receptors to PAF into brain structures known to be involved in memory (hippocampus, amygdala, entorhinal cortex), during its early phases, causes amnesia. This indicates that NO, CO and PAF modulate the early phases of memory, perhaps by modulating long-term potentiation. In addition, microinjections of a NO releaser or of a soluble form of PAF into the hippocampus produce memory enhancement.