Cintigrafía tiroídea (CT) con Tc99m-pertecnectato en recién nacidos (RN) con hipotiroidismo congénito (HC) / Tc99m-pertechnetate thyroid scintigraphy in newborns with congenital hypothyroidism

RESUMO

Background: Congenital hypothyroidism is one of the most frequent endocrine diseases of the newborn and requires an early diagnosis to avoid its deleterious effects on neurological and intellectual functions. Aim: To evaluate thyroid scintigraphy (TS) findings in newborns with congenital hypothyroidism (CH), detected in the national program of newborn screening, which is working in Chile since 1992. Material and methods: TS findings of 189 newborns with CH (68 percent female) were analyzed. Tc99m pertechnetate TS was performed at 19 ñ 11 days of life. The gland was classified as eutopic, ectopic or absence of contrast (AC). Eutopic glands were classified by visual and quantitative criteria as normal, goiter and decreased contrast (DC). TS results were compared by gender and hormonal levels. Results: Forty seven percent of newborns had ectopy, 29.1 percent eutopy and 24.3 percent AC. Eutopic gland predominated in males (44.2 percent vs 22.7 percent) and ectopy was more frequent in girls (53.1 percent vs 32.8 percent, p <0.05). Newborns with AC had the most severe hormonal alterations, without gender differences. Newborns with normal TS had less hormonal alterations than those with goiter. Conclusions: TS allows an etiological classification of CH. Thyroid dysgenesis is the most frequent cause, most of which correspond to ectopy, especially in girls. Eutopic glands are present in one third of newborns with CH. Goiter predominates, especially in males