Enfoque Histórico Cultural y de la Actividad en la formación del licenciado en enfermería / Historical, cultural and activity approach in the Nursing Baccalaureate training

RESUMEN

Este artículo trata de uno de los aspectos más importantes del proceso docente que concentra la atención de no pocos estudiosos de la pedagogía, de directivos, de instituciones educacionales y de variados sectores sociales importantes: el aprendizaje. Se argumenta sobre la importancia de la tendencia pedagógica denominada el Enfoque Histórico Cultural y de la Actividad, desarrollada en el siglo XX y que preconiza el carácter social del aprendizaje mediante la necesaria comunión entre la formación del discente y el contexto desarrollador socio-histórico-cultural que lo rodea. El resultado de esta unión será la formación integral del estudiante. Se reflejan, a su vez, elementos de esta corriente pedagógica que sirven de fundamento para la estructuración de una estrategia didáctica para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje del Proceso de Atención de Enfermería. Es considerado el carácter activo del estudiante, el concepto de Zona de Desarrollo Próximo y su importancia así como el carácter profundamente social que abordan Vigotsky y sus seguidores en las tesis que proponen. Se trata el lenguaje como un mediador de la actividad cognoscitiva del estudiante. Se concluye que es necesario cultivar las tradiciones pedagógicas más avanzadas en la formación del licenciado en enfermería al tiempo que el Enfoque Histórico Cultural y de la Actividad se considera el fundamento necesario para la planificación y aplicación de un sistema de acciones concebidas en estrategias metodológicas que favorecen un aprendizaje de calidad(AU)

ABSTRACT

This article is about one of the most important aspects in the educational process that concentrates the attention of not few specialists of the pedagogy, of directive, of educational institutions and of varied important social sectors: the learning. One argues about the importance of the denominated pedagogic tendency the Cultural Historical Focus and of the Activity, developed in the XX century and that it praises the social character of the learning by means of the necessary communion among the formation of the discente and the context partner-historical-cultural developer that it surrounds it. The result of this union will be the student's integral formation. They are reflected, in turn, elements of this pedagogic current that serve as foundation for the structuring of a didactic strategy for the teaching and the learning of the Process of Attention of Infirmary. It is considered the student's active character, the concept of Area of Next Development and their importance as well as the deeply social character that Vigotsky and their followers approach in the theses that propose. It is the language like a mediator of the student's cognitive activity. You concludes that it is necessary to cultivate the most advanced pedagogic traditions in the graduate's formation in infirmary at the time that the Cultural Historical Focus and of the Activity it is considered the necessary foundation for the planning and application of a system of actions conceived in methodological strategies that favor a learning of calidadEste article it is about one of the most important aspects in the educational process that concentrates the attention of not few specialists of the pedagogy, of directive, of educational institutions and of varied important social sectors: the learning. One argues about the importance of the denominated pedagogic tendency the Cultural Historical Focus and of the Activity, developed in the XX century and that it praises the social character of the learning by means of the necessary communion among the formation of the discente and the context partner-historical-cultural developer that it surrounds it. The result of this union will be the student's integral formation. They are reflected, in turn, elements of this pedagogic current that serve as foundation for the structuring of a didactic strategy for the teaching and the learning of the Process of Attention of Infirmary. It is considered the student's active character, the concept of Area of Next Development and their importance as well as the deeply social character that Vigotsky and their followers approach in the theses that propose. It is the language like a mediator of the student's cognitive activity. You concludes that it is necessary to cultivate the most advanced pedagogic traditions in the graduate's formation in infirmary at the time that the Cultural Historical Focus and of the Activity it is considered the necessary foundation for the planning and application of a system of actions conceived in methodological strategies that favor a learning of quality(AU)