Morbidade neonatal e maternas relacionada ao tipo de parto / Neonatal and maternal morbidity related to the type of delivery

RESUMO

Foi realizada uma análise da morbidade neonatal e materna e a mortalidade neonatal de acordo com o tipo de parto, cesariana ou vaginal. Foram estudadas prospectivamente 170 parturientes sem complicações gestacionais e com nascimento a termo Grupo 1 (n = 95), puérpera com parto por via vaginal, Grupo 2 (n = 75), puérpera submetida à cesariana. Parâmetros maternos e fetais foram avaliados. Foi observada maior incidência de partos por via vaginal nas pacientes que estudaram até o ensino fundamental incompleto (p = 0,0045). Houve prevalência maior de partos prévios por via vaginal no Grupo 1 e de cesáreas no Grupo 2 (p < 0,001). Observou preferência de 78 (82,1 por cento) das mulheres do Grupo 1 pelo parto vaginal contra apenas 28 (37,3 por cento) das mulheres do Grupo 2, pela cesárea (p = 0,0002). Houve dor intensa no pós-operatório nas pacientes submetidas a parto cesáreo (oito casos) (p = 0,018). Traumas obstétricos foram verificados em catorze recém-nascidos do Grupo 1 e em sete do Grupo 2 (p = 0,28). Concluímos que existe maior morbidade neonatal em recém-natos de parto por via vaginal quando comparada com neonatos de cesárea e maior morbidade materna em puérperas com parto cesariana.

ABSTRACT

An evaluation of infant morbimortality and mother morbidity was undertaken according to the type of delivery. A prospective study was undertaken on 170 puerperal patients divided into two groups Group 1 (n = 95), natural or vaginal delivery, Group 2 (n = 75), submitted to caesarean delivery. Complications in mothers were classified in small, moderate and severe. The infant parameters were period of pregnancy, weight on birth, Apgar score, necessity of intensive care and neurological disorders. Mothers who had not completed elementary school (p=0.0045) had more vaginal delivery. Previous vaginal deliveries were more common in Group 1 than caesarean section in Group 2 (p = < 0.001) (OR = 104.00; 21.11 < OR < 610.99). In Group 1, vaginal delivery was preferred by 78 (82,1 percent) of mothers comparing to 28 (37.3 percent) from Group 2, who preferred caesarean section (p = 0.0002) (OR = 4; 1.77 < OR < 9.17). Post-operative was more intense and frequent after caesarean section (8 cases) than patients of Group 1 (2 cases) (p = 0.018) (OR = 0.18; 0.03 < OR < 0.96). Obstetric trauma was found in 14 deliveries of Group 1 and 7 of Group 2 (p = 0.28). Infant hospitalization was greater in Group 2 (3.43 +/- 0.70 days) in comparison with Group 1 (2.71 +/- 0.67 days) (p < 0.0001). The infant morbidity was greater after vaginal deliveries, but maternal morbidity was greater after caesarean deliveries.