Aspectos epidemiológicos dos traumatismos cranioencefálicosatendidos no hospital regional do agreste de pernambuco de 2006 a 2007 / Epidemiological aspects of brain and head injuries treated at the Hospital Regional do Agreste de Pernambuco from 2006 to 2007

RESUMO

Objetivo: Identificar a prevalência de traumatismo cranioencefálico (TCE) e de fatores relacionados em vítimas atendidas no Hospital Regional do Agreste de Pernambuco (HRAPE) e caracterizar o perfil sociodemográfico destas vítimas. Método: Trata-se de um estudo documental com coleta de dados individuais das fichas de internamento dos pacientes que deram entrada no HRA-PE com diagnóstico de TCE nos anos de 2006 e 2007. Asvariáveis estudadas foram prevalência de casos, procedência das vítimas, sexo, idade, causa relacionada ao trauma e quadro neurológico a partir da escala de Glasgow. Resultados: A amostra foi composta de prontuários de 171 vítimas. O maior número de casos ocorreu em2007, com 125 (73,1%) casos. Dos casos registrados, 139 (81,4%) eram do sexo masculino, 92(53,8%) solteiros e 45(26,3%) na faixa de 21 a 30 anos. A queda foi causa em 52 (30,4%) casos, seguida por 34 (19,9%) casos de acidentes de moto. Lesões vasculares ocorreram em 55(32,2%) casos, sendo de maior frequencia que as lesões ósseas e nervosas, ocorridas em 39 (22,8%) e 34 (19,9%) casos, respectivamente. A Escala de Coma de Glasgow média foi de 11+ 4. Do total da amostra pesquisada, 20 (11,7%) pacientes estavam alcoolizados no momento do trauma, 106 (62%) precisaram de tratamento conservador e 18 (10,5%) evoluíram para o óbito. Conclusão: Houve uma elevada prevalência de traumatismocranioencefálico no Hospital Regional do Agreste-PE nos anos de 2006 e 2007, com predominância de vítimas jovens do sexo masculino, solteiros. O consumo de álcool pode ser constatado em percentual representativo das vítimas e as lesões mais frequentes foram decorrentes de quedas e acidentes de moto.

ABSTRACT

Objective: To identify the prevalence of traumatic brain injury (TBI) and related factors in victims treated at the Hospital Regional do Agreste de Pernambuco (HRA-PE) and characterize the sociodemographic profile of the victims. Method: This is a documentary study with individual data collection from hospital records of patients who were admitted to the HRA-PE with a diagnosis of TBI in the years 2006 and 2007. The variables studied were prevalence of cases, origin of victims, sex, age, cause-related trauma and neurological symptoms from the Glasgow scale. Results: The sample consisted of records of 171 victims. The largest number of cases occurred in 2007, with 125 (73.1%) cases. Of the cases reported 139 (81.4%) were male, 92 (53.8%) were single and 45 (26.3%) were in the range of 21-30 years old. Falling was the cause of trauma in 52 (30.4%) cases, followed by 34 (19.9%) cases of motorcycle accidents. Vascular injuries occurred in 55 (32.2%) cases, with greaterfrequency then nerve and bone injuries, occurring in 39 (22.8%) and 34 (19.9%) cases, respectively. The average Glasgow Coma Scale was 11 + 4. Of the total sample surveyed, 20 (11.7%) patients were intoxicated at the time of trauma, 106 (62%) needed conservative treatment and 18 (10.5%) subsequently died. Conclusion: There was a high prevalence oftraumatic brain injury at the HRA-PE in the years 2006 and 2007, with a predominance of young single male victims. Alcohol consumption was found in a representative percentage of the victims and the most frequent injuries were caused by falls and motorcycle accidents.